Grinding-machine.



PATENTED OCT. 9, 1906.

J. R. COB. GRINDING MACHINE.

APPLIOATIOR FILED r33. 11, 1905.-

9 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

No. 832,775.. PATENTED OCT. 9, 1906. J. R. GOE.

GRINDING MACHINE.

AIILIOA'JJION' FILED PEIBJI, 1905.

QSHEETS-SHEBT 2.

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fhl ly PATENTED OCT. 9, 1906.

J. R. 00E.

GRINDING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED rmml. 1905.

9 SHEETS-SHEET 3 lza 4 54 1012442 Lav/L Qvil'mcmco PATENTED OCT. 9,1906.

J. R. 00E. GRINDING MACHINE.

m 4 m 5 i 1 m 5 m w 4 m H v M O Q G 0 2 7 9 5 3 A o 0 I JJE O0 v M. :s ll II? 3 \& m E5: rd l 1 u r u M 5 m G M W 6 M I w 0 H F o o T J n W m 69 m u m 6 2 4 o 5 m u n Q 2 6 6 M 5 w I 6 O W PATENTED OCT. 9, 1906.

GRINDING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED I'EB. 11. 1906.

9 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

FIGB.

PATENTED OCT. 9, 1906.

J. R. COB.

GRINDING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB.11. 1905..

9 SHEETS-SHEET '7 v I J r AI 0 K JQ 6 1 7 U v d M PATENTED OCT. 9, 1906.

GRINDING MACHINE.

APPLIGATION IILED mm 9 SHEETS-SHEET 8.

w w m W IEI 9.10.

PATENTED OCT. 9, 1906.

J. R. COB.

GRINDING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB.11. 1905.

9 SHEETS-SHEET 9.

I Ht RN U X UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

H. BENJAMIN. TRUSTEE, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

GRINDING-MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

rimmed Oct. 9, 190a.

Applioationfilod February 11 1905- Borial In. M5360- To all whom it mayconcern:

Be it known that I, 'Jaims ROBERT Con, a citizen of the United States,residing at Ansonia, county of New Haven, State of Con necticut, haveinvented certain new and use ful Improvements in Grinding-Machines, ofwhich the following is a specification.

My invention relates to grinding-machines of a type adapted as a cuttingand finishing machine for metals or other materials.

As grinding was originally considered to be a rubbing or wearing-away 0eration in which both elements were reduce in pro ortion to theirhardness, the grinding-mac line was accordingly constructed merel tomechanically present the rubbing-b0 y to the work toproduce a superiorquality of finish over that obtainable by the use ofa lathe or laner.Comparatively recent developments have shown, however, that theoperation is actually one of cutting, the grinding-wheel being a gangcutter presenting millions of individual cutting-points each acting in asimilar manner to a lathe-tool, and when, therefore, each cutting-pointin the surface of the wheel is made to do its share of the work theaggregate removal of stock is such as to make the grinding-machine animportant factor both in cutting and finishing. The highest efficiencyin cylindrical grinding is obtained when the wheels cutting path on thework is a spiral having a pitch equal to' the width of the wheel; but inpractice variable conditions in size, shape, nature of materialbeingground, and qualities of finish desired make it impossible to invariablyuse a feed equal to the width of wheel, and means must therefore beprovided by which an operator can adjust the feed to the immediateconditions obtaining. It is obvious that the unit of feec should be thewidth of the wheel, and as practice has proved that a single wheelsuitable to the material being ground is capable of both roughing andfinishing the work, provision is made in the present machine for changesof feed aduated in definite degrees of one wheel Width. As agrinding-wheel running at a fixed surface speed is capable of removingonly a definite amount of material in a certain time and as the amountof surface presented to the wheel at one revolution of the Work dependson the diameter of the cut it is necessary to provide means for changingthe speed of the work to suit its diameter, the depth of wheel cut andfeed of work constant. It will be readily understood that theseadjustments in speed and feedto meet change 111 diameter of work, natureof material, and depth of work are of frequent occurrence, and itbecomes of vital importance that the loss of'the operators timenecessary for the same should be reduced to a minimum. With this objectin view the machine embodying my invention is so designed that everyadjustment is clearly defined and conveniently within reach of theoperator without requiring him to leave his position at the center ofthe machine.

In modern grinding-machines the institution of various adjustments hasled to the use of extension counter-shafting which makes the handling ofheavy work very difficult, preventing, as it does, the use of mechanicallifting and overhead carrying devices. To overcome this ob'ection, thepresent machine is made entireiy self-contained in its drivethat is tosay, it receives power at a definite point either from belt or motor anddistributes it internally to the various points of application.

In the modern application of grinding to the manufacture of allcylindrical machine parts it very often becomes necessary to run into ashoulder, thus necessitating providing, first, micrometer means fordetermining exactly the point of feed-stop; second, a delayed reversaluntil the work makes at least one complete revolution in order to reventleaving a portion of the surface u ished, and, third, means for insuringagainst slippage in the operating parts of the reverse mechanism. Tomeet these conditions, I employ a timed mechanism actuated directly bythe driving-shaft operating the headstock instead of through clamp dogsattached to the table, as is the case in other machines, the action ofplacing the mechanism in operation being through the dogs strikingscrews having micrometer adjustments and locking-nuts. The reversemechanism is also arranged to operate the cross-feed device fordetermining or adjusting the cut of the wheel while the table isstanding still, thus eliminating the tapering off of the ends of thework by the feeding in of the wheel before the end of the stroke, as isthe case inall existing machines in which the cross-feed mechanism isoperated by the table-dogs. The crossfeed device is so arran ed that theamount of feed is governed and graduated index, the a obvious.

Modern grinding-machines are ordinar ly provided wlth means foroperating the tabletraverse by hand as well as power, and as the twohave never been made distinct in their action the hand-wheel isconstantly revolving when the table is in operation, thus forming amenace to the safety of the operator. To avoid this, the present machineis so designed that the 0 eration of a clutch automatically preclu esthe operation of the hand-wheel when the power-feed is in action, andvice versa.

Practice in grinding today includes the use of a large amount ofsoda-water, which actsto destroy the machine-oil used to lubricate thesliding bearings unless they are protected or covered. Protecting meansof various kinds have been employed in existing machines, some using anextended cover of cast-iron attached to the ends of the table, whichadds to the necessary floor-room required by the ma chine. Others usesheet-iron strips attached to the bed throughout its 1e th and extendinginwardly, requiring the ta le to be undercut to clear these guards, andthereby greatly weakened, or a canvas strip similar to a window-curtain, which quickly wears out, owing to its contact with the oil.For this purpose I have provided a flexible metal strip extendingthrough holes in the table and so arranged as to overcome all theaforesaid objections.

A very important featurein modern grindvantage of whic is ing is the useof back rests to prevent sag orspring of the work away from the wheel.For work of fairly large diameter only single blocks are used at theback of the work,

while for work of small diameter an extra piece is used carrying blocksto support the work both from behind and from below. In machines now ingeneral use such a sin le block is adjustable vertically and inward yindependent screws, the adjustment of either 'of which disarrangestheother. 'To overcome this ob'ection, I have provided means for indepenently adjustin the vertical blocks and the horizontal b ocks in directlines.

A machine suitable for carrying my inven owever, that I do not limitmyself to the same, as various other mechanisms may be employed,operating in substantially the same manner to produce practically thesame.

result.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a front eleva tion of the machine. view.Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the machine, taken on the lines 330f Fig. 1, show- (predetermined b ament in the base, as shown at t 2 isa top or plan- 'wheel-sli ing relative position of parts with largestwheel and Work. Fig. 4 is a similar view taken on the line 4 4 ofFig. 1. Fig. 5 is a cross-section taken on the.l1ne.5 5 of Fig. 2.

6 is a horizontal section taken on the line 6 6 of Fig. 1. Fig. 7 is anenlarged cross-sectional view taken on line 7 7 of Fig. 1, showing thework in position. Fig. 8 is an en-- largedfront view of the drimechanism, shown with parts shown in sectlon. Fig. 9 is an enlargedfront view of the driving mechanism, showing a modification of thereverse mechanism. 10 is an enlarged view in the perspective of the endof the machine,

showin one of the oil-pockets and'its contained eedroll employed in thebearings of the wheel-spindle. Fig. 13 is an enlarged detail front viewof the reverse mechanism. Fig. 14 is a similar viewof the same in anadjusted position. Fig. 15 is a sectional view on the line 15 15 of 14;Fig. 16 is a sectional view of the reverse mechanism, taken on the line16 16 ofFig. 14.

Referring now to the drawings, the base or bed 1 is provided, as shownin Figs. 1 and 7, with ways 2, extending laterally throughout itslength, forming sliding surfaces for the table 3, such ways having atintervals oilpockets 4, in which oil-rolls 5 of familiar constructionare so arranged as to operate ICO against and supply oil to the bottomof the mediately behind the ways and extending.

Oil-pockets 6 to receive the overflow throughout the length of the baseis a trough 8, Fig. 4, adapted to receive the water ,used in operationand convey it back to the settling-tank 9, which is formed 1) acomparthe left of the wheel in 2 This settling-tank 9, as shown in Figs.2 and 3, is separated from the pump-tank 10 immediately behind it by apartition 1 1, over whichthe water flows into the pump-tank afterdepositing any grit it may hold in the settling-tank. Underneaththesettling and pump tanks, Figs. 5 and 6, is a space 12, left clear fora cone-belt, and to the right is shown a compartment 13 for thewheel-driving mechanism. The compartment 13, as shown in Figs. 2, 4, and5, is surmounted by the wheel slide-base 14, a cast ing having ways 15extending throughout its length at right angles to the direction of thetable-'wa s on the base and on which the d e is carried back and forthby means of the screw 16, carried in bearings 17,

extendin downward from the bottom of the screw is operated and engagingwith the ways on the wheel slide base. A half-nut 23, extending downwardfrom the bottom of the wheel-slide 21, Fig. 4, engages with the screw16. At the front of the wheel-slide 21 are rovided bearings 24 for thewheel-spin e 25. Thesev bearings, Figs. 2 and 4, are bronze-lined andare rovided with caps 26. fitted at an angle of fbrty-five degrees, thuspresenting a solid surface to the back thrust of the wheel and thedownward thrust caused by the weight of the wheel-spindle andbelt-pulley. Oil is supplied to these bearings by means of oil-rolls 27,having a roughened surface carried on the swinging frames 28 in pockets29 in the wheel-slide and extending upward through slots 30 in thebronze liners 31 to contact with the wheel-spindle 25, which contact isinsured b means of spring acting against the lower sid e of the swingingframes, as shown Figs. 4 and 12. The wheelspindle 25, operating in thebearing 24 in the wheel-slide 21, is a heavy steel spindle carr -ng thewheel 32 on one end, having a t rust-bearing 33", Fig. 2, on the otherend and a drive-pulley 34 located between the bearings.

The wheel is secured to the spindle in the usual manner and, as shown inFig. 3, revolves in a heavy ward and back on ways 36, Fig. 2, providedat the side of the Wheel-slideto compensate for wearing down of thewheel. This casing serves the double purpose of protecting the operatorfrom injury in case of wheel accident and of confining the water ofoperation from misting while being led back to the settling-tank.

As shown in Fig. 4, the wheel-spindle is driven from a jack-shaft 37 inthe compartment 13 in the base by a belt 38 traveling over idler-pulleys39, which are carried in a frame 40,1 ig. 2, arranged to slide back andforward in ways 41, provided on the wheelslide, this idler-frame beingdrawn toward the back of the wheel-slide by means of the heavy spring42, Fig. 2, thus putting the necessary tension on the belt. Hinged onthe wheel-slide bearing-ca s 26 is shown a cover 43, Figs. 2 and 4, wich extends over the belt-bulley 34 and protects the same from water.Hinged to the first cover 43 is a second cover 44, which extends down infront of the wheel-slideways 22, the operation of which is clearly shownin its extreme positions in Figs. 4 and 7. The wheel jackshaft 37revolves in bearings 45, Fig. 6, se-

cured to the machine-bed, and is driven by casing 35, adjustableforgears 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, and 51 from 'the main shaft 52.

Three changes of gear speeds are provided to compensate for the wearingdown of the wheel, the object being to keep the surface s eed of thewheel approximately uniform.

his main shaft receives power for the entire machine from a belt runningover tight and loose pulleys 53 5 4, as shown at the extreme right ofFigs. 2 and 6. A ulley 55 at the opposite end of the main sha t, Fig. 5,drives, by means ofa belt 56, running over guidepulleys 57, a pump 58 ofthe well-known vertical centrifugal type commonly used on work of thischaracter and which is carried on the perforated cover 59 to thepump-tank 10 in the bed and supplies water to the point of contactthrough hose 60 and pipe 61. (Shown in Figs. 2 and 3.) The main shaft 52also carries a drumulley 62, Fig. 6, which drives the cone-pu ey 63 onthe front of the machine, by means of an endless belt 64, running overtake-up idlers 65, Fig. 3, swinging on a stud 66, extending from the bedand o erated by a spring 67. The conepulley 63 as five steps andprovided with a tapered portion 63, Fig. 6, between the steps to permitthe shifting means of a shipper 68, (shown in Fig. 7,)

which is arranged to slide along a track or bar 69, secured to thedrive-plate 70, fastened to the front of the machine and carrying theentire drive mechanism.

The cone-pulley 63 revolves the main drive-shaft 71 through a conefriction member 7 2 ,(shown clearly in Fig. 8,) the object of which isto provide a safety-point in case of accident. Immediately to the rightof the cone-pulley on the main drive-shaft 71 are shown two looseclutch-pulleys 73 74, Fig. 8, each of which carries a belt 75, which,running over swinging idlers 76, Fig. 7, drive the drum 77, carriedunderneath the sliding table in bearings secured to the sliding table,from which in turn power is transmitted to the head-stocks, ashereinafter described. These two loose pulleys 73 74 on the maindriveshaft 71 have a diainetrical ratio of one and two and are arrangedso that either one can be driven by the shaft through the slidingjawclutch member 78, operated by means of the lever 79. (Shown clearlyby F ig. 9.)

It will be clearly seen that the arrangement described gives two changesof head-stock speedi,. e., fast and slowfor each of the five speedsimparted by the cone-pulley 63 to the main drive-shaft 71, .or tenhead-stock speeds in all, five of which are designed to be used forfinishing work, the figures shown on the cover representing therevolutions per minute that the head-stock will make when the belt is inany one of the several positions.

At the extreme right of the main driveshaft 71, as shown in Fig. 8, islocated an-. other cone-pulley 80, WhlOh drives a correof the belt bylength of the cone-pulleys.

sponding cone-pulley 81 on a jack-shaft 82, immediately above the maindrive-shaft. The proximity of these shafts and the necessity ofproviding a single shipper for the belt approaching both pulleysrequires the use of a special drive, which is shown clearly m Fig. 4 asconsistin of three idler-drums 83, 84, and 85, of wi th of face e ual tothe he middle idler 84, carrying the tight or pulley side of the belt86, is carried r1 'dly on a stud 87, extending from the brac et 88. Theupper and lower idlers are carried on a swinging frame 89, hinged on asecond stud 90, ex-

tending from the bracket and operated by a tension-spring 91. The belt86 is endless and runs in the direction indicated by the arrowsapproaching both pulleys through the bat-wing shipper 92, Fig. 4, whichis arrangpd to slide on a track or bar 93, secured to t e drive-plate.

As shown in Figs. 14 and 16, the second or jack shaft 82 carries twotight pinions 94 95, which engage with loose clutch-gears 9697 on theworm-shaft 98, one engaging direct, the other through .an intermediate99, the relative proportions of each pinion to its gear being identical.The worm-shaft 98, as shown in Fig.8, revolves in bearings 100, formingpart of a bracket 101, and carries. a

worm 1-02, running in an oil-bath 1 03 and engaging with a bronzeworm-wheel 104, which,

as shown in Fig. 7, revolves loose in a web or rim bearing 105 on a hub106, tight to the. rack-pinion shaft 107. A spur-gear 108 is shown ashaving a similar bearing 109 on the hub 110 and as engaging with apinion 111 and hand-wheel 111. Both the wormwheel 104 and the spur-gear108 have clutchteeth 112 cut on their inner periphery, as shown by Fig.8, and a sliding key 113, having a bearing in the hub 110 and operatedby means of a knob 114, extending to the front, is arranged to engagewith either the wormgear 104 or spur-gear 108, so that only one can becoupled to the rack-pinion shaft 107 at'a time. The rack-pinion shaft107, Fig. 7, carries the rack-pinion 115, en aging with a rack 116,secured to and exten g throughout the length of the sliding table 3, andrevolves in bearings117, forming part of the worm-bearing bracket 101.It will be observed that for each of the five separate speeds of themain drive-shaft the jack-shaft and the worm-shaft and the table havefive distinct changes of speed by means of the double cones on the mainand jack'shafts,

and the-machine is so designed that these five changes of speedrepresent one,three-fourths, one-half, one-fourth, or one-eighth of awheelwidth table travel per revolution of the headstock when driven slowspeed, enabling the operator to adjust his table to any desired feed forroughing. Moreover, inasmuch as the table change is absolutelyindependent of the fast and slow head-stock changethe change ofhead-stock speed from slow to fast for finishing beingin the proportionof one to two-when the fast head-stock speed is being used the tableadvance per revolution automatically becomes only one-half as eat, thuspreventing too fast a table spec and gnvmg the finer or smaller speedsrequired for 'shmg-namely, one-half, three-ei hths', one-fourth,one-eighth, or one-sixteent of a wheel width-per head-stock revolution.I

The reverse mechanism is shown in two forms, the first and preferablebeing shown in Figs. 8 and 13 to '16 and the second, a modifi cation,shown in Fig. 9. Both have for their object to provide a delay inreversing of. sufficient time for the head-stock to make at least onecomplete revolution irrespective of Whatever table-feed ma be in use,and it will be observed that in or er to attain this object the timingof the delay must be'made from the main drive-shaft.

Treating the two methods independently and in consecutive order, thefirst consists, as shown in Fig. 8, of a tight worm 118 on the maindrive-shaft 71 operatin a worm-wheel 119, Fi 16, which revolves oose ona quill 120 an carries with it a ratchet 121. This worm-wheel 119 is sodesigned that the number of revolutions of the main drive-shaft 71required to cause one complete revolution of the head-stock shall alsocause one-half of a revolution of the worm-wheel. Secured to the quill120, Fig. 16, which revolves on a stud 122, extending from thedrive-plate 70, is a sprocket-wheel 123 at the rear end, and at thefront end in consecutive order, as shown in Fig. 15, are, first, apawl-arm 124, carrying a pawl 125, arranged to engage with the teeth ofthe ratchet 121 on the wormgear 119 and'held'in such engagementby aspring-plunger 126, unless forcib yheld from such engagement by theinterference of a tail 127 on the pawlwith stop-pin 128, carried onslide 129, Fig. 14; second, a reversecam 130, having two steps 131 and132, as shown, and, third, a stop-cam 133, which is a round disk with anotch 136 in its periphery, as shown. The slide 129, mounted inrollerbearin s 137, Fig. 14, secured to the driveplate, as anupwardly-extending yoke 138, designed to engage with and operate aclutchsleeve 139, sliding on a featherkey in the worm-shaft between thetwo loose clutch- 7 gears 96 97 and so arranged that it can be inengagement with only one of them at a time. TlllS slide 129 carries twooppositely-placed spring-plungers 140 140, Fig. 15, so arranged as toengage with the reverse-cam 130. Two stop-pins 141 141 on its outersurface are arranged to engage with the stop 'cam, and two stop-pins 128128 on its inner surfaceengage with the tail of the ratchet-pawl 125. Atits extreme upper part the Ishde 129. carries a steel ratchet-tooth 142,Fig. 14, arranged to engage with either of the two (pawls 143 143,carried on studs 144, exten ing from the drive-plate 70. These pawls 143have arms 145 extending up to and encircling a shipper rod 146 (shownclearly in Fig. 13) and are designed to be moved outwardly by collars147 on the rod and inwardly by springs 148 on the rod. The rod slides inbearings 149, provided by a bracket 150, and has at its center an arm151, extending upward and carrying at its upper extremity a hub 152,Fig. 13, into WlllCh two micrometer-screws 153 with graduated heads 154and lock-nuts 155 are adjustably secured in such position as to normallystand in the path of t 1e table-dogs 156, which are adjustably carriedon a rod 157, extending throughout the length of the sliding table. Thestriker-arm 151 is held in its normal upright position by means of aspringplunger 158, Fig. 16, carried on the bearingbracket, and isprovided with a handle 159 to permit its operation by hand and also topermit its being revolved out of the path of the table-dogs 156 againstthe actlon of the spring-plunger 158 when it is found desirable to runby, thus preventing'thc necessity of changing the location of the dogs.

The operation of the reverse mechanism is shown in detail in Figs. 13and 14 and is as follows: In Fig. 13 the mechanism'is shown just beforethe reversin action takes-place, and it will be observed that the slide129 is in its extreme right-hand position, the clutch member 139 beingin engagement with the right-hand clutch-gear 97 and held in suchengagement by the left-hand locking-pawl relative position of thevarious parts imme diately after the reversing action has taken lace,and it will be observed that the rightand table-dog 156 has struck theship errod 146, which in turn has lifted the lefthand locking-pawl 143.The lefthand slide sprin -plunger 140 has at once acted and forced theslide 129 to the left until the ri hthand stop-pin 141 on the front ofthe side engaged with the stop-cam 133 and sto ped the motion of theslide 129 and the c utch member 139 in a central osition, thus stoppingthe table-feed. This same left-hand motion of the slide 129 has drawnthe interfering pin 128 out of engagement with the ratchet-pawl-125, andthe spring has forced the pawl 125 into engagement with the tion of thequill 120 with both the cams 130 133 and the sprocket-wheel 123. Thisrevolution continues until the second step of the reverse-cam 130strikes the left-hand slide spring-plunger 140 and compresses it until t1e notch in the stop-cam 133 asses by the right-hand stop-pin 141 on t eslide 129. Then the left-hand sp g-plunger 140 a ain acts and causes asecond motion of the side 124 and clutch member 139 to the left, thuscausing the reverse in the direction of the table travel. This secondmovement of the slide, moreover, permits the right-hand locking-pawl 141to engage the tooth 142 on the top of the slide 129 and at the same timebrings the righ t-hand interference-pin 128 on the inside of the slide129 into the path of the tail 127 on the revolving pawl 125. Therevolution continues enough farther to permit the reverse-cam 130 tocompress the right-hand slide spring-plun er 140, and the ratchetpawl125 then pul s itself out of engagement by the tail 127, and themechanism is again in working order.

The second form of reverse mechanism, as shown in Fig. 9, consists of aworm 118*, loose on the main drive-shaft 71, having clutch-teeth oneither end. This worm engages a worm-wheel 119, which revolves loose ona stud 122, extending from the drive-plate 70, and carries with it,first, a reverse-cam 130*, which is a round disk havinga spring-plunger138 extending out throu h its periphery and a notch 131 in its perip erydirectly opposite its plunger 138; second, a stopcam 133, which is around disk having a pin extending from its periphery, and, third, asprocket-wheel 123.

Two primary levers 143 are hinged on studs 142, extending from the plate70, having contact-points 139 at their upper ends, adapted to engagewith the stop-cam 133, and also notches 140, arranged to engage with thelocking-pawls 141, which are shown as suspended from a bell-crank 149through bearings 147*.on the drive-plate 7 0. At their lower ends theprimary levers 143 are held apart by a heavy compression-spring 146 andare designed to engage with and operate two clutch members 137', slidingon feather- Y keys in the main drive-shaft 71 and arranged to eng c withthe clutch-teeth on either end of the oose worm. Two secondary levers143 also hinged on the same studs as the primary levers 143', havecontact-points arranged to engage with the reverse-cam 130" and at theiru per ends are secured to a shipper-rod 144", having a yoke 136",designed to engage with and operate the clutch member 137, sliding onthe worm-shaft 98, between the loose clutch-gears 96 97. The table-dogs156 are provided with adjustable micrometer-screws 151, carried on ahinged piece arranged to normally lie in such position as is standing Isecondary e to interfere with the striker-arm of the bellcrank 149, butcapable of being lifted to a clearing lposition. The mechanism is shownjust as t e reversing action is about to take place, and it will beobserved that both the primary levers 143 are in a restrained positionand held insuch a position by the lockingawls 141. Consequently bothclutch memers 137 are out of engagement with the worm 118 on the maindrive-shaft 71', and it still. Moreover, the left-hand ver 143 is in thenotch in the re-' verse-cam 130and held there by the action of the sprin-plunger 138' against the righthand secon ary lever 143', and the clutchmember 137 a is consequently in engagement with the right-hand looseclutch-gear 97, and the table is travelin in the direction shown by thearrow. The eft-hand table-dog 156 is, however, in contact with thestrikerarm of the bell-crank 149", and the left-hand locking-pawl 141 isabout to release the left hand primary lever 143. As soon as thisrelease occurs the compression-spring 146 will act, forcing the primarylever 143 in toward the center, thus entering the left-hand clutchmember 137 into engagement with the clutch-teeth on the left-hand end ofthe worm 118 and causing rotation of the same. As soon as this rotationcommences the reversecam 130 will force the left-hand secondary,

lever 143 out of the notch in its periphery and the upper clutch 137will assume a central position, thus stopping the table-feed. This delaywill continue while the wormwheel 119 and cams continue to revolve untilthey have made a half-revolution, in which time the head-stockwill havemade at strikes the left-hand secondary lever 143", it

- will be compressed until the notch in the reverse-cam passes thecontact-point of the right-hand secondary lever 143", when it willimmediately act' and force the upper clutch member 137* into a left-handposition, causing the reverse in the table motion. The further rotationof the worm-wheel and cams brings the projecting pin 139- in theperiphery of the stop-cam 133 into engagement with the left-hand primarylever 143, thus forcing out the lower left-hand clutch 137 b andstopping furtherrevolution of the worm 118. either case'it will beobserved that the sprocket-wheel 123, secured to thecams, makes one-halfa revolution every time the motion of the table is reversed, and thesaid half-revolution takes place while the table is standing still. Thissprocket 123 is'arranged, as shown in Figs. 8 and 16, to drive, by meansof a chain 158, a second sprocket 159, whose diametrical ratio to thefirst is as one to two. Hence the second sprocket will make a completerevolution when the reverse occurs. This second sprocket is arranged, as

shown in Figs. 8 and 16, to revolve a crankdisk 160 through a spring-pin161, capable of being withdrawn when it is not desired to use theautomatic cross-feed. The bell-crank 162 carries on one arm aspring-pawl'163, arranged to engage with the teeth of a spur-gear 164,tight on the wheel feed-shaft 20, the design of the machine being suchthat each tooth in the periphery of the gear represents a wheel advanceof one one-thousandth of an inch, as shown clearly in Fig. 8. A shoe 166is also hinged on the wheel feed-shaft in such a manner as to hold thepawl out of engagement during any desired 'part of its reciprocation,and this shoe, havin a springpin 167, Fig. 9, engaging with numberedholes 168 in the cover 169, enables the operator to adjust the feed toany predetermined number of one one-thousandths required. Engaging withthe spur-gear 164 is a pinion 170, carrying a hand-wheel171, theeriphery of which is graduated, thus provi ing suitable means formanually advancing or backing of the wheel. a

The sliding table 3 is provided with ways on its lower surfacecorresponding to and engaging with the ways on the machinebed, as abovedescribed. The table-rack 1 16 (shown in Figs. 7 and 8) is also securedto the lower side of the sliding table and extends through- .outitslength, as does the head-stock drum 77, which revolves in self-oilingbearings secured'to the sliding table. On its front edge "is carriedtherod 157, Fig. 1, along which the table-dogs 156 are adjustable. Ateither end of the sliding table is a clam ranged to hold down theswivel-ta le 3, the right-hand clamp being provided with a binding-screwand handle 173. (Shown clearly in Fig. 1 Extending throughout the lengthof the sliding table immediately over each way are provided rectangularholes or chambers, through which are arranged to operate the bedwater-guards 174. (Shown in Fig. 10.) Each of these guards consists oftwo strips 175 of thin flexible sheet metaljo'ined together by means ofa spiral spring 176, the whole guard in a normal condition being thesame length as the bed. These guards are arranged to operate through theslots 177 in the sliding table, passing under the guiderolls 178, shownat the ends of the table, and are connected together at theirextremities by means of a round rod 179. Yoke-pieces 180, providedon theends of the bed, are adapted to engage with the ends of these rods 179when the table passes in from the end of the bed, thus causing astretching of the spring members of the guards. Yokes 181 are alsoprovided on the ends of the sliding table to support the rod when thetable passes out away from the end of the bed, as shown clearly by Fig.10. The swivel-table 3 is arranged to rest on the top of the slidingtable, to which it is held at its center by means of a pivot 182,entering both tables, (shown by Fig. 7,) which construction permits of arotation or swiveling of the swivel-' table 3 about the pivot in ahorizontal plane on the sliding table 3, this rotation being governed bymeans of a screw 183, carried by the swivel-table, engaging with a nut184, carried by the sliding table, as shown by Figs. 1 and 4. On itsupper surface the swivel-table is rovided with ways 185, along which thehead-stock 186 and foot-stock 187 are adjustably secured by means ofbinding-bolts 188, the heads of which engage with a slot 189, providedin the upper side of the swivel-table or this purpose.

Carried in brackets'190 on the ends of the swivel table 3 is a shaft191, extending throughout the length of the table and located over thefront way, as shown in Figs. 3 and 7. This shaft 191, Fig. 3, isrevolved by means of a belt 192, driven by-the drum 77,

carried on the lower side of the sliding tablev and running over take-upguide-pulleys 193. carried on a frame 194, attached to the end of theswiveltable. .The shaft 191 has for its object the revolution of thehead-stock driveplate by means of a pinion 195, carried by the shaft insuch a manner as to be capable of lateral motion with the head-stock,and an intermediate pinion 196, engaging with the first pinion 195 andwith a large s ur-gear 197, arranged to revolve about the cad-stockdeadcenter 198 and carrying the head-stock driveplate 199, to which aresecured the work drive pins or dogs 200. The head and foot stocks are offamiliar type common to this class of machinery and need no description.They are both adjustable in and out from the center of the swivel-table,their working position when determined to suit the length of the workbeing secured by means of bindingbogzs and handles 201, as shown byFigs. 2, 3, an 4.

The back-rests 202 (shown by Figs. 1 and 7) are arranged to be carriedon the swiveltable, to which they are secured by means of a swingingclamp 203 and binding-screw 204 and consist of a box 205, having ahinged cover 206, provided with a clamping-screw 207 and having on itsfront side an adjustingscrew 208, designed to operate against a sin glewooden or babhitt block 209, which in turn supports the work 210. Whenthe work is of small diameter, it is necessary to support it from below,as well as from the direct thrust of the wheel, toward the front of themachine. For this purpose a special frame 211, known as a universalback-rest, is arranged to be removably carried in the primary box, towhich it is secured by dowelpins, as shown, and is also designed to havea support bearing on the swivel-table itself. The frame 211 is providedwith a vertical way 212, on which the vertical block 213 is just hiswheel-feed to the .greatest knob 215, as shown.

' The operation of themachine described briefl is as follows: Theoperator selects a wheef the piece of work to be ground and secures thesame to the wheel-spindle, having removed the wheel-guard orcasing-covertu permit access to the same. the head and foot stocks to such aposition as will bring the work ap roximately in the center of themachine. an adjusts'the back-rests to properly support the work, usingthesingle blocku ports if the work is of large diameter or ofcomparatively short length in relation to its diameter, or using theuniversal-back-rest framesif the W0 k is of small diameter. He nextadjusts his table-dogs to give the requisite table travel and observesas to whether the swivel-table is pro erly set to grind straight ortapering, as t e case may beg He next adjusts the speed-;

change gearsat the back of the machine to suit the diameter of the wheelhe may be He. then adjusts adj ustablebymeans of a screw 2 14 andhandsuitable for the nature of material of 7 using and starts themachine in o eration.

With the machine in operation his st duty is to see that the wheel isrunning true, and 1f not to dress it by means of a diamondtool. He thendetermines what speed of the head-stock he re ui-res for the particulardiameter of the woi k and makes his adjustment for the same. Forexample, if the work were of as large diameter as the machine couldswing he would use the slowest speed possible. His next operation is tobring the wheel up to the work and open the water-valve on the pump-lineand so direct the flow as to strike the contact-point between wheel andwork. .He will then adractical depth of cut and adjust his tableeed tothe greatest practical degree of. the unit, one Wheel width perrevolution of the head-stock, and roceed to rough down he work, thespiral cut produced by the wheel upon the work being indicated by dotted.lines in Fig. 11. If a considerable amount of stock is to be removed,he, having determined how many thousandths of an inch can practically beremoved at each cut, will set the automatic cross-feed at that point,and he can then devote his entire attention to the mani ulation of theback-rest-adjusting screws, wl fich, of course, have to be continuallyadjusted as the work decreases in diameter. Having roughed the work downwithin a small limit of the desired size, his next operation is to throwin the fast speed of headstock, reduce the depth of cut, and adjust thetable-feed to such a degree as will give the desired finish, and inevent of enough roughing-work having been done to roughen the surface ofthe wheel before taking the last out he will run his table by and dressthe wheel by means of a diamond-tool supported by the foot-stock. 1

I claim 1. A grinding-machine, com rising a ro' tary cutter, supportingmeans or the work, means for adjusting the cutter andthe work relativelyto eachother, means for giving the work rotary and longitudinal feed andgraduated means for uniformly arying the speed of rotation of the work.j

2. A grinding-machine, com rising "a rotary cutter, supporting means orthe work, means'for adjusting the cutter and the work relatively to eachother, means for giving the whereby the longitudinal feed and rotaryfeed are given a definite changeable relation.

4. A grinding-machine, comprising a ro tary cutter, supporting means forthe work, means for adjusting the cutter and the work relatively to eachother, means for-giving the Work rotary and longitudinal feed and meanswhereby the longitudinal feed and rotary teed are given a graduateddefinite changeable'relation.

5 A. grinding-machine, comprising a rotary cutter, supporting means forthe work, meansfor adjusting the cutter and the work relatively to eachother, means for giving the work rotary and longitudinal feed and means.whereby the longitudinal feed and rotary.

feed are given a definite changeable relation graduated in terms of onewheel width.

6. A grinding-machine, comprising a rotary cutter, supporting means forthe work,

means for adjusting the cutter and the work relatively to eachother,means for giving the work rotary and longitudinal feed, means. forautomatically reversing the longitudinal feed, and means forautomatically stopping the longitudinal feed on each reversal for a timesufficient for the work to rotate through a definite number of degrees.

7. A grinding-machine, comprising a rotary cutter, supporting means forthe work, gearing for driving the cutter, means for varying the" speedof rotation of the cutter, cross-feed mechanism for advancing thecutter, means for giving the work rotary and longitudinal feed, meansfor automatically reversing-the longitudinal feed, and means forautomatically stopping the longitudinal feed on each reversal for a timesuflicient for the work to rotate through a definite number of degrees.I

8. A grinding-machine, com rising .a rotary cutter, supporting means orthe work,

relative speeds, longitudinal feed mechanism '.for the Work, means forautomatically reversi'ng the feed at predetermined points,

and means for retarding the action of the re-' versing mechanism to stothefeed and ermit the workto rotate t ougha comp ete j revolution.

9. A grinding-machine, com rising a irotary cutter, supporting meansor'the work,

means for rota-ting the cutter and'work at relative speeds, longitudinalfeed mechanism for the work, means for automatically reversing the. feedat predetermined pornts, said reversing means consisting of requisiteclutches, locking-dogs for the movable clutchmembers, and adjustabletrips for the locking-dogs, together with means for automaticallydisengaging the clutches to st the feed and permit the workto rotate t--ough a gomdplete revolution on each reversal ofthe 10. Agrinding-machine. comprising a retary cutter, supporting means for thework,

means for rotating :the cutter and work at relative speeds, longitudinalfeed mechanism for the work, means for automatically reversing the feedat predetermined points, said reversing means consisting of requisiteclutches,.locking-dogs for the movable clutch members, and adjustabletrips for the locking-dogs, together with means operating to disengagethe clutches, and timed cams acting through said last-mentioned means tocontrol the rengagement of the clutches.

11. A grinding-machine, comprising a rotary cutter, a Work-supportingtable, means for rotating the cutter and work at relative speeds,longitudinal feed mechanism for the table, means for automaticallyreversing the feed at predetermined points, said reversing meansconsistingof re uisite clutches, locking-dogs for the mova le clutchmembers, and adjustable tri s carried by the table cooperating with' t elocking-dogs, together with a clutch-shifter spring actuated todisengage the clutches, and timed cams controlling the adjustment of theshifter.

12. A grinding-machine, comprising a rotary cutter, a work-supportingtable, means .for rotating the cutter and work at relative speeds,continuous-feed mechanism cooperating with the table, means forreversing the table-feed at predetermined points, means for advancing te cutter to the work by hand,

and means for advancing the cutter to the power independent of thetableby power, independent of the table-feed, and

means to predetermine the amount of such advance.

14. A grinding-machine, comprising a r0- tary cutter, a work-supportingtable, means for rotating the cutter and work at relative speeds,continuous-feed mechanism cooperating with the table, means forreversing the table-feed at predetermined points, means for advancin thecutter to the work by hand,

means for a vancing the cutter to the work by power, independent of thetable-feed, and graduated means to predetermine the amount of suchadvance.

15. A grinding-machine, comprising a rotary cutter, a work-supportingtable, means for rotating the cutter and work at relative speeds,continuous-feed mechanism cooper- .ating with the table, means forreversing the table-feed at predetermined points, means forautomatically stopping the table-feed on each reversal for a timesuflicient for the work to rotate through at least a completerevolution, means for advancing the cutter to the work by hand, meansfor advancing the cutter to the work by power while the table-feed isstopped during reversal.

16. A grinding-machine, comprising a ro tary cutter, a work-supportingtable, means for rotating the cutter and work at relative speeds,continuous-feed mechanism cooperto redetermine and govern the amount ofsuc advance.

17. A grinding-machine, comprising a rotary cutter, a table movable in adirection parallel to the axis of the cutter, supporting means on thetable for the work, changeablespeed gearing connected to rotate thework, longitudinal-feed mechanism for the table, means for automaticallyreversin the tablefeed and means for automatica lystopping thetable-feed on each reversal for a time sufficient for the work to rotatethrough a complete revolution.

18. A grinding-machine, comprising a rotary cutter, a table movable in adirection parallel to the axis on the cutter, supportin means on thetable for the work, cross-fee mechanism for the cutter,longitudinal-feed mechanism for the table, means for rotating the cutterand work at relative s eeds means for changing the speeds, means orautomatically reverslng the table-feed and means for stopping thetable-feed on each reversal for a time sui'licient for the Work torotate through a complete revolution.

19. A grinding-machine, comprising a ro tary cutter, a work-supportingtable, means 'for rotating the cutter and work, means for giving thetable longitudinal feed by hand, means for operating the table-feed bypower and means whereby the operation of the hand-feed and power-feed isautomatically made independent.

20. A grinding-machine comprising a rotary cutter, a work-su ortintable, supporting means on the ta e for t e work, said supporting meansconsisting of a frame having bearing portions independently movablethereon in direct lines vertically and horizontally relatively to thework.

21. A grinding-machine, comprising a bed provided with ways, guardscovering the ways, a sliding table on the bed and means for providingclearance between the guards and ways for the table in its travel.

22. A grinding-machine, comprising a bed provided with ways, flexibleguards covering the wafys, a sliding table on the bed and means orraising and lowering the guards to provide clearance for the tablein itstravel.

23. A grinding-machine, comprising a bed provided with ways, flexiblestrlps serving as uards for the ways, a sliding table upon the bed, saidtable being provided withopenings above the plane of the ways throughwhich the guards pass and means in advance of the table for holding theguards down upon the ways. i

24. A grinding-machine, comprising a bed provided with ways" havingrequisite oilpockets, flexible strips serving as guards for the ways,springs secured to the guards, at one end thereof, a support for the oposite end of the guards, sliding table u on the bed, means for raisingand lowerin t e guards to provide clearance for the tab e its travel,and means on the table for engaging the guard-support and moving theguards against the action of their sprin s.

In testimony whereofl I aflix'my signature in the presence of twowitnesses.

JAMES ROBERT 00E.

